{"id":864,"date":"2020-04-15T22:55:28","date_gmt":"2020-04-15T22:55:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/?p=864"},"modified":"2020-04-15T23:00:50","modified_gmt":"2020-04-15T23:00:50","slug":"dolor-una-perspectiva-integral-para-su-control","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/?p=864&lang=es","title":{"rendered":"Dolor: Una perspectiva integral para su control"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

El dolor es una experiencia subjetiva y negativa asociada a da\u00f1o (o potencial da\u00f1o) en los tejidos con componentes sensoriales, emocionales, cognitivos y sociales (1).  Si bien es cierto que a lo largo de la vida toda persona padecer\u00e1 varios episodios de dolor, s\u00f3lo en ocasiones este llega a tener una relevancia cl\u00ednica bien sea por los procesos fisiopatol\u00f3gicos subyacentes, o bien por el tiempo de evoluci\u00f3n del cuadro cl\u00ednico (2). En el mundo contempor\u00e1neo el dolor cr\u00f3nico constituye todo un reto para los m\u00e9dicos y profesionales de la salud dedicados a su atenci\u00f3n (3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las causas del dolor son variables y muestran variaci\u00f3n seg\u00fan el grupo etario. En ni\u00f1os y adolescentes son comunes los dolores abdominales, cefalea, cervicalgia y dorsalgia describi\u00e9ndose en ellos prevalencias de hasta el 49% (4\u20136). En adultos son frecuentes el dolor de rodillas (generalmente como consecuencia de la artrosis), lumbago, ci\u00e1tica, dolor de hombros, fibromialgia y el dolor neurop\u00e1tico con prevalencias de hasta el 60% (7\u201311). Indudablemente el dolor produce efectos negativos sobre la calidad de vida de quien lo padece y sus familias, disminuye la capacidad funcional, obliga a un mayor uso de los servicios de salud y produce costos directos derivados de su atenci\u00f3n (12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los mecanismos implicados en la generaci\u00f3n del dolor son complejos e incluyen el da\u00f1o tisular, inflamaci\u00f3n, alteraci\u00f3n en la expresi\u00f3n de factores de expresi\u00f3n y la producci\u00f3n de diferentes mediadores que explican su desarrollo (13,14). La memoria que se crea sobre el dolor es tambi\u00e9n de gran importancia en el entendimiento del dolor cr\u00f3nico, es decir, para la mayor\u00eda de entidades cl\u00ednicas que cursan con dolor (15,16).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La complejidad del dolor obliga a un abordaje multidisciplinario y con aproximaciones terap\u00e9uticas variadas para alcanzar su control efectivo (17). El farmacol\u00f3gico del dolor cr\u00f3nica suele tener tasas de satisfacci\u00f3n bajas (cercanas al 45%) lo cual motiva a las personas y a los profesionales de la salud a buscar otros tratamientos que permitan su control (18). Aunque el uso de la medicina complementaria y alternativa mejora la satisfacci\u00f3n del paciente en t\u00e9rminos del control del dolor, son muchos los casos en los cuales incluso estas estrategias habitualmente utilizadas no son suficientes. La apiterapia es una herramienta terap\u00e9utica adicional que mejora los resultados terap\u00e9uticos en pacientes que cursan con dolor agudo y cr\u00f3nico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Efectos de los productos de la colmena en el manejo del dolor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Son diversos los mecanismos que explican el efecto de los productos de la colmena en el manejo del dolor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veneno de abejas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pan de abejas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Prop\u00f3leo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jalea real <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Miel de abejas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Referencias bibliogr\u00e1ficas <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

1.          Williams AC de C, Craig KD. Updating the definition of pain. Pain [Internet]. 2016 Nov;157(11):2420\u20133. Available from: http:\/\/content.wkhealth.com\/linkback\/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00006396-201611000-00006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.          Borsook D, Youssef AM, Simons L, Elman I, Eccleston C. When pain gets stuck. Pain [Internet]. 2018 Dec;159(12):2421\u201336. Available from: http:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/crossref?an=00006396-201812000-00002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.          Crofford LJ. Chronic Pain: Where the Body Meets the Brain. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc [Internet]. 2015;126:167\u201383. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26330672<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.          ABU-ARAFEH I, RAZAK S, SIVARAMAN B, GRAHAM C. Prevalence of headache and migraine in children and adolescents: a systematic review of population-based studies. Dev Med Child Neurol [Internet]. 2010 Dec;52(12):1088\u201397. Available from: http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03793.x<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.          King S, Chambers CT, Huguet A, MacNevin RC, McGrath PJ, Parker L, et al. The epidemiology of chronic pain in children and adolescents revisited: A systematic review. Pain [Internet]. 2011 Dec;152(12):2729\u201338. Available from: http:\/\/content.wkhealth.com\/linkback\/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00006396-201112000-00012<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.          Jeffries LJ, Milanese SF, Grimmer-Somers KA. Epidemiology of Adolescent Spinal Pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) [Internet]. 2007 Nov;32(23):2630\u20137. Available from: https:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/crossref?an=00007632-200711010-00020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.          Peat G. Knee pain and osteoarthritis in older adults: a review of community burden and current use of primary health care. Ann Rheum Dis [Internet]. 2001 Feb 1;60(2):91\u20137. Available from: http:\/\/ard.bmj.com\/cgi\/doi\/10.1136\/ard.60.2.91<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.          Taylor JB, Goode AP, George SZ, Cook CE. Incidence and risk factors for first-time incident low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine J [Internet]. 2014 Oct;14(10):2299\u2013319. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152994301400103X<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.          van Hecke O, Austin SK, Khan RA, Smith BH, Torrance N. Neuropathic pain in the general population: A systematic review of epidemiological studies. Pain [Internet]. 2014 Apr;155(4):654\u201362. Available from: http:\/\/content.wkhealth.com\/linkback\/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00006396-201404000-00004<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.        Konstantinou K, Dunn KM. Sciatica. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) [Internet]. 2008 Oct;33(22):2464\u201372. Available from: https:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/crossref?an=00007632-200810150-00018<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11.        Luime J, Koes B, Hendriksen I, Burdorf A, Verhagen A, Miedema H, et al. Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population; a systematic review. Scand J Rheumatol [Internet]. 2004 Mar 12;33(2):73\u201381. Available from: http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03009740310004667<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12.        Henschke N, Kamper SJ, Maher CG. The Epidemiology and Economic Consequences of Pain. Mayo Clin Proc [Internet]. 2015 Jan;90(1):139\u201347. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025619614008659<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13.        Woolf CJ, Bennett GJ, Doherty M, Dubner R, Kidd B, Koltzenburg M, et al. Towards a mechanism-based classification of pain? Pain. 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14.        Zhuo M. Neuronal mechanism for neuropathic pain. Molecular Pain. 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15.        Sandk\u00fchler J. Learning and memory in pain pathways. Pain. 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16.        Ji RR, Kohno T, Moore KA, Woolf CJ. Central sensitization and LTP: Do pain and memory share similar mechanisms? Trends in Neurosciences. 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17.        Glowacki D. Effective Pain Management and Improvements in Patients\u2019 Outcomes and Satisfaction. Crit Care Nurse [Internet]. 2015 Jun 1;35(3):33\u201341. Available from: https:\/\/aacnjournals.org\/ccnonline\/article\/35\/3\/33\/3485\/Effective-Pain-Management-and-Improvements-in<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18.        Ueda K, Sasaki N, Goren A, Calhoun SR, Shinjo K, Enomoto H, et al. Treatment satisfaction with pharmaceutical interventions in Japanese adults with osteoarthritis and chronic knee pain: an analysis of a web-based survey. Clin Interv Aging [Internet]. 2018 Oct;Volume 13:2179\u201391. Available from: https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/treatment-satisfaction-with-pharmaceutical-interventions-in-japanese-a-peer-reviewed-article-CIA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19.        Kang S-Y, Roh D-H, Yoon S-Y, Moon J-Y, Kim H-W, Lee H-J, et al. Repetitive Treatment With Diluted Bee Venom Reduces Neuropathic Pain Via Potentiation of Locus Coeruleus Noradrenergic Neuronal Activity and Modulation of Spinal NR1 Phosphorylation in Rats. J Pain [Internet]. 2012 Feb;13(2):155\u201366. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590011008698<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20.        Lee S, Lee J, Kim Y, Choi J, Jeon S, Kim D, et al. Antiallodynic Effects of Bee Venom in an Animal Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 (CRPS-I). Toxins (Basel) [Internet]. 2017 Sep 15;9(9):285. Available from: http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/9\/9\/285<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.        Huh J-E, Seo B-K, Lee J-W, Park Y-C, Baek Y-H. Analgesic Effects of Diluted Bee Venom Acupuncture Mediated by \u03b4-Opioid and \u03b12-Adrenergic Receptors in Osteoarthritic Rats. Altern Ther Health Med [Internet]. 2018 Mar;24(2):28\u201335. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28647729<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22.        Yeo J-H, Yoon S-Y, Kwon S-K, Kim S-J, Lee J-H, Beitz AJ, et al. Repetitive Acupuncture Point Treatment with Diluted Bee Venom Relieves Mechanical Allodynia and Restores Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Loss in Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Mice. J Pain [Internet]. 2016 Mar;17(3):298\u2013309. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590015009438<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23.        Ham HJ, Han JH, Lee YS, Kim KC, Yun J, Kang SK, et al. Bee Venom Soluble Phospholipase A2 Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease via Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B. Front Aging Neurosci [Internet]. 2019 Nov 1;11. Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00287\/full<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24.        Ham HJ, Han S-B, Yun J, Yeo IJ, Ham YW, Kim SH, et al. Bee venom phospholipase A2 ameliorates amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 pathway in Tg2576 mice. Transl Neurodegener [Internet]. 2019 Dec 2;8(1):26. Available from: https:\/\/translationalneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40035-019-0167-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25.        Ahmed O. Bee Venom and Hesperidin Effectively Mitigate Complete Freund\u2019s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Via Immunomodulation and Enhancement of Antioxidant Defense System. Arch Rheumatol [Internet]. 2018 Jul 4;33(2):198\u2013212. Available from: https:\/\/www.archivesofrheumatology.org\/full-text\/926<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26.        Sibona M, Destefanis P, Agnello M, Lillaz B, Giuliano M, Cai T, et al. The association of Boswellia resin extract and propolis derived polyphenols can improve quality of life in patients affected by prostatitis-like symptoms. Arch Ital di Urol e Androl [Internet]. 2020 Jan 14;91(4):251\u20135. Available from: https:\/\/pagepressjournals.org\/index.php\/aiua\/article\/view\/aiua.2019.4.251<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27.        Moon JH, Lee MY, Chung Y-J, Rhee C-K, Lee SJ. Effect of Topical Propolis on Wound Healing Process After Tonsillectomy: Randomized Controlled Study. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol [Internet]. 2018 Jun;11(2):146\u201350. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29665628<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28.        Kao H-F, Chang-Chien P-W, Chang W-T, Yeh T-M, Wang J-Y. Propolis inhibits TGF-\u03b21-induced epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition in human alveolar epithelial cells via PPAR\u03b3 activation. Int Immunopharmacol [Internet]. 2013 Mar;15(3):565\u201374. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576912003967<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29.        Karapetsas A, Voulgaridou G-P, Konialis M, Tsochantaridis I, Kynigopoulos S, Lambropoulou M, et al. Propolis Extracts Inhibit UV-Induced Photodamage in Human Experimental In Vitro Skin Models. Antioxidants [Internet]. 2019 May 9;8(5):125. Available from: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/8\/5\/125<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30.        You M, Pan Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Wu Y, Si J, et al. Royal Jelly Alleviates Cognitive Deficits and \u03b2-Amyloid Accumulation in APP\/PS1 Mouse Model Via Activation of the cAMP\/PKA\/CREB\/BDNF Pathway and Inhibition of Neuronal Apoptosis. Front Aging Neurosci [Internet]. 2019 Jan 4;10. Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00428\/full<\/p>\n\n\n\n

31.        Sugiyama T, Takahashi K, Tokoro S, Gotou T, Neri P, Mori H. Inhibitory effect of 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid on LPS-induced IL-6 production via reducing I\u03baB-\u03b6 expression. Innate Immun [Internet]. 2012 Jun;18(3):429\u201337. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21948282<\/p>\n\n\n\n

32.        KOHNO K, OKAMOTO I, SANO O, ARAI N, IWAKI K, IKEDA M, et al. Royal Jelly Inhibits the Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Activated Macrophages. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem [Internet]. 2004 Jan 22;68(1):138\u201345. Available from: http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1271\/bbb.68.138<\/p>\n\n\n\n

33.        Azman KF, Zakaria R, Abdul Aziz CB, Othman Z. Tualang Honey Attenuates Noise Stress-Induced Memory Deficits in Aged Rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev [Internet]. 2016;2016:1\u201311. Available from: http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2016\/1549158\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

34.        Mustafa MZ, Zulkifli FN, Fernandez I, Mariatulqabtiah AR, Sangu M, Nor Azfa J, et al. Stingless Bee Honey Improves Spatial Memory in Mice, Probably Associated with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate Receptor Type 1 ( Itpr1 ) Genes. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med [Internet]. 2019 Dec 2;2019:1\u201311. Available from: https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2019\/8258307\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El dolor es una experiencia subjetiva y negativa asociada a da\u00f1o (o potencial da\u00f1o) en los tejidos con componentes sensoriales, emocionales, cognitivos y sociales (1).  Si bien es cierto que a lo largo de la vida toda persona padecer\u00e1 varios episodios de dolor, s\u00f3lo en ocasiones este llega a tener una relevancia cl\u00ednica bien sea […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":865,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[127,324],"tags":[181,128,325],"class_list":["post-864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apiterapia-basada-en-la-evidencia","category-dolor","tag-apiterapia","tag-apiterapia-basada-en-la-evidencia","tag-dolor"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/dolor-principal.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/864","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=864"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/864\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=864"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apitherapy.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}